osm in qgis
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With the 2013 release of Quantum GIS, it became easier to load and work with raw OpenStreetMap Data. This means that you can now access up-to-date OSM data whenever you want, select the tags you want to include, and easily export it into an easy-to-use SQLite database or Shapefile.
In this chapter we'll walk through the steps necessary to do this. We assume that you've already downloaded and installed QGIS 2.x. If you haven't already done this, you can download it here.
In this chapter we will go through several steps in order to get our customized, up-to-date OSM layers loaded into QGIS. First, we will get the most recent OSM data in raw .osm format. Then, we will convert this data into a SQLite database, which is a lightweight database system stored in one file on your system. Lastly, we will create a layer (or multiple layers) that include only the feature types and tags we want to access. These layers can be used as they are or saved in another format, such as a shapefile.
The first thing we will do is get some up-to-date OSM data. We can do this in numerous ways. Of course, requesting data from the OSM server, as we do in JOSM, means that we can not pull out a large amount of raw data at once - however, there are other ways to access data, as described in the previous chapter.
Let's use the built in download function in QGIS, since we will be working with QGIS in the rest of this chapter. The download function is not terribly convenient as of this writing, but for our purposes it is more than satisfactory.
Open QGIS and go to Vector -> OpenStreetMap -> Download data.
You can choose from several options here - if your window is already displaying the extent
you want, check the box next to "From Map Canvas." If you have a layer with the correct
extent, choose "From layer" and select the layer you want to use. Here we will choose "Manual"
and enter the latitudes and longitudes which form a bounding box around the area we
want to access. You can fill in lats and lons that are of interest to you, but remember
that the area cannot be too large, or you won't be able to download all the data.
Select a name and location for the output file and click OK.
You will be notified when the download is complete. Click "Close" to exit the download
dialog.
The OSM data will now be saved in the location you specified.
This method of accessing OSM data is the same as if you downloaded it in JOSM or on openstreetmap.org. For larger extracts that are up-to-date, you may try downloading from the HOT export site or bbbike.org. Remember that if you download a compressed OSM file, you will need to first decompress it into .osm format for the next steps.
Next we will need to import our raw .osm file into a SQLite Database.
Go to Vector -> OpenStreetMap -> Import topology from XML
In the first field, select your .osm file.
You can change the name of the output database file if you like.
Keep the box checked next to "Create Connection..."
Click OK.
When it is finished, click "Close."
Lastly, we will define layers that can be used in QGIS, customized according to our needs.
Go to Vector -> OpenStreetMap -> Export topology to Spatialite
In the first field, select the database you created in the previous step.
Under "Export type," select the type of features you want to create a layer for. Here
we will create a layer using polygons.
Edit the layer name if you like.
Under "Exported tags" is where the magic happens. Here we can select which tags will be included in our output layer. This gives us flexibility over exactly which data we want to access.
Click "Load from DB" to see a list of all the available tags in the database. You can see
all the tags contained in this data, and also the number of features that have each tag.
Check the boxes next to the tags that you want to include. Here we will select a few features
that will be useful for building polygons.
When you are finished, click OK.
Close the box. Your layer should be automatically added.
Right-click on the layer and click "Open Attribute Table."
You can see here that we have a table which includes only the attributes we selected.
Note that we have not created a layer of only buildings. Instead, we have created a layer that includes all of the polygons from our original data, but only includes the tags which we selected. In order to filter this layer to show only buildings, we would need to execute a query next which filters only polygons where building=yes.
This process makes it easy to get up-to-date OSM data and pull it into your GIS. Once you have layers like this in QGIS, it is possible to save them as shapefiles, execute filters and queries, and so forth.
